California Supplemental (CSE) Practice Exam

Which of the following is a major factor in wetland health affected by habitat alteration?

1. Converting wetlands to housing

2. Planting invasive species

3. Creating artificial water flow

4. Reducing rainfall

The correct answer is: Converting wetlands to housing

The choice of converting wetlands to housing accurately highlights a significant factor affecting wetland health due to habitat alteration. Wetlands are critical ecosystems that provide numerous environmental benefits such as water filtration, flood control, and habitat for diverse flora and fauna. When wetlands are converted into residential areas, these functions are severely compromised. The natural hydrology is disrupted, leading to altered water levels, reduced habitat availability for wildlife, and loss of biodiversity. This transformation not only impacts the water quality and ecology of the region but also contributes to increased runoff and potential flooding in surrounding areas. The direct loss of wetland area from housing development diminishes the ecosystem services they provide, making it a primary concern in the context of wetland health. In contrast, while planting invasive species, creating artificial water flow, and reducing rainfall each present challenges to wetland ecosystems, the direct conversion of land for housing presents an immediate and substantial loss of wetland area, which is critical for overall ecological health.